中药材白芨资源概况与研究进展
摘要：白芨作为作为传统中药，已经使用了一千多年，含有多种有效化学成分，具有收敛止血，消肿生肌的功效，具有很高的药用价值和经济价值。但其繁殖系数低，加之人类掠夺式的开采，野生白芨的数量急剧下降，现状濒危。本文通过检索相关文献，从白芨的生物学特性、主要化学成分及价值、濒危原因、繁育方式等方面展开阐述，为白芨种质资源的保存以及进一步开发利用提供参考。
关键词：白芨；生物学特性；主要化学成分及价值；濒危原因；繁育方式
Resources and research progress of Bletilla striata
Abstract: Bletilla striata, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for more than 1000 years. It contains a variety of effective chemical components. It has the effects of astringent hemostasis, detumescence and muscle growth. It has high medicinal value and eco-nomic value. However, due to its low reproduction coefficient and human predatory minin-g, the number of wild Bletilla striata has decreased sharply and is endangered. By search-ing the relevant literature, this paper expounds the biological characteristics, main chemica-l components and value, endangered causes and breeding methods of Bletilla striata, so a-s to provide reference for the preservation, further development and utilization of Bletilla striata germplasm resources.
Key words: Bletilla striata; Biological characteristics; Main chemical composition and valu-e; Causes of endangerment; Breeding mode
1白芨生物学特性
白芨（Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f.）为兰科白芨属多年生草本植物，别名冰球子、地螺丝、连及草等[1,2]。白芨的干燥块茎，别名良姜、紫兰，李时珍释其名曰：其根白色，连及而生，故曰白及[3]，又称白芨。白芨属在世界范围内约有6种，主要分布在中国、朝鲜、日本和缅甸[4]。白芨属在我国分布有4种，分别为白芨，小白芨（Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr.），黄花白芨（Bletilla ochracea Schltr.），和华白芨（Bletilla sinensis (Rolfe) Schltr.）（表1[5]）。白芨属植物均可作为中药材使用，其中小白芨品质差，药用效果不佳。目前，中国药典中仅记录了作为药用植物的白芨[6]，紫花三叉白芨品质较好。
表1[5]中国四种白芨的形态比较。来源：《中国植物志》（1999）
